Two Marks Questions and Answers

TWO  MARKS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

1. What are the equipments used for earthwork excavation?

The equipments used for earthwork excavation are:

* Excavators

* Loaders

* Scrappers

* Graders

* Dozers

* Trenchers

2. Name the equipments used for concrete works.

The equipments used for concreting are:

* Batching plant

* Mixers

* Pumps and pipeline

* Vibrators

3. List the factors to be considered for selecting excavating equipment.

While selecting excavating equipment, the following factors should be considered:

* Nature of work

* Method of operation

* Duration of the job

* Machine specification

* Installation and operations costs

* Maintenance and spare costs

4. Write short notes on compact excavator.

A compact or mini excavator is tracked or wheeled vehicle with an approximate operating weight from 0.7 to 7.5 tons. It generally includes a standard backfill blade and features independent boom swing. Hydraulic Excavators are somewhat different from other construction equipment in that all movement and functions of the machine are accomplished through the transfer of hydraulic fluid.

5. Discuss briefly about Backhoe excavator.

Backhoe excavator is a heavy equipment vehicle that consists of a tractor fitted with a shovel/bucket on the front and a small backhoe on the back. Due to its relatively small size and versatility, backhoe loaders are very common in urban engineering and small construction projects such as building a small house, fixing urban roads, etc.,

6. List the different types of wheel loaders.

Wheel loaders may include a variety of types, such as:

* Compact wheel loaders

* Small wheel loaders

* Medium wheel loaders

* Large wheel loaders

7. Name the different types of scrappers.

The different types of scrappers used in construction are:

* Single Engine Wheeled Scrapers

* Dual Engine Wheeled Scrapers

* Elevating Scrapers

* Pull Type Scrapers

8. Write short notes on graders.

A grader, also commonly referred to as a road grader, a blade, a maintainer, or a motor grader, is a construction machine with a long blade used to create a flat surface. Graders are commonly used in the construction and maintenance of dirt roads and gravel roads. They are used to prepare the base course and to create a wide flat surface for the asphalt to be placed on.

9. Discuss briefly about Dozers.

Bulldozers or simply dozers are strong machines that mainly assist with pushing, digging, excavating, and leveling materials like soil and debris at a ptwork site. They come with large, heavy blades with which soil is scraped and He pushed. Some come with other modifications like rippers in the rear to help la break down tough ground.

10. What is the function of a trencher?

Trenchers are heavy machines designed for excavating. They have a metal chain with teeth made of high-strength steel. This allows the machine to tear into of the ground, lifting and moving massive amounts of earth. Because of the sheer size and strength of the machine, trenchers are capable of tearing through heavy tree root systems and densely packed earth. A trencher produces exactly, a clean trench with a flat bottom and smooth walls.

11. List the types of trenchers.

Trenchers come in three types as follows:

* Chain trenchers

* Wheel trenchers

* Micro trenchers

12. Briefly write about concrete batching plant.

Concrete batching plant, mixes various materials to form concrete. These materials include sand, aggregate, slag, cement, fly ash, and water among others. The batching plant comprises of adequate capacity gravel & sand hoppers, weighing conveyor suspended on electronic load cells, reversible drum type mixer unit, cement bin with screw conveyor, rubber belt type charging conveyor, cement batcher, PLC based control panel.

13. Name the types of concrete batching plants.

Concrete batching plants are of various types as follows:

* Dry mix concrete plant

* Wet mix concrete plant

* Mobile concrete plant

* Stationery concrete plant

14. List the types of concrete mixers.

There are two broad types of concrete mixers which are as follows:

* Batch Mixers

Drum type

* Tilting

* Non-tilting

* Reversing 

Pan type

* Continuous mixer

15. Write short notes on Concrete Vibrators.

Concrete vibrator is a mechanical device used to create vibration in wet babe concrete to compact the concrete. Concrete vibrator is fixed with motor and connected with a needle that creates the vibration inside the concrete mix and remove the all air in between the concrete mix. Vibration gives more strength and life to concrete. This concrete equipment is almost used by the entire civil industry from small civil work to large construction.

16. What are the essential requirements of a good materials handling system?

The essential requirements of a good materials handling system may be summarized as:

* Efficient and safe movement of materials to the desired place.

* Timely movement of the materials when needed.

* Supply of materials at the desired rate.

* Storing of materials utilizing minimum space.

* Lowest cost solution to the materials handling activities.

17. What do you mean by hoist?

Hoist is a device for raising or lowering a load by means of a drum or wheel lift to which wraps the rope or chain. It can be operated by hand, is driven electrically or pneumatically, and the chain or wire rope fibers are used as lifting device. The load connected to the lifting means of a lifting hook. Pulley, chain hoists and winch are the widely used hoisting equipments:

18. Write short notes on conveyor.

Conveyors are useful for moving material between two fixed workstations, either continuously or intermittently. They are mainly used for continuous or mass material handling operations, and most suitable for operations where the flow is more or less steady. Conveyors may be of various types, with rollers, wheels or belts to help move the material along, and may be power-driven or may roll freely. The decision to provide conveyors must be taken with care, since they are usually costly to install.

19. Define crane.

A crane is a piece of heavy machinery that is a tower or platform that is equipped with cables and pulleys. Cranes have a long history of being a staple in construction that reaches back thousands of years. It was during the industrial w revolution that cranes became integral to the modernization of the world, be replacing the manual pulley system with an engine and an operator that preceded bns them.

20. Write about derrick crane.

A derrick is a special type of crane in which the distance from the end of the jib to the pillar can be changed. The derrick cranes are of two types, namely Guy derrick and Stiff leg derrick. Guy derrick can be constructed up to 200 tonnes capacity. In stiff leg type derricks, the guy wires are replaced by trussed to nestructure. This type of derricks is suitable for loads from 10 to 50 tonnes.

21. Draw a tower crane and name its parts.

A tower crane is considered to be a modern form of a balance crane and is the mostly used cranes in today's world. Usually, they are fixed to the ground in concrete base or attached to the side of structures. They can left load up to 30 tons approximately.

22. Write about forklift trucks.

Fork lift trucks are the most versatile, useful and widely used equipment as industrial lift trucks. These are self loading, counterbalanced, powered, wheeled vehicles, with the operator seating on the vehicle, designed to raise, move and lower load on forks or other attachments fastened to a mast which is fixed in front of the vehicle to allow lifting and stacking of loads. Forklift trucks are used for lifting, lowering, stacking, unstacking, loading and unloading and maneuvering of medium to large weight, uniform shaped unit loads, intermittently.

23. What do you understand by the term dewatering?

Dewatering is defined as the process of separating water from another material like saturated soil or sludge. The separation of water is performed by using a force generated by vacuum or centrifugal motion. The selection of dewatering equipment depends on the corrosion potential of the material removed and the contaminants present in the liquid.

24. List the equipments used for dewatering.

The different types of dewatering equipment used are:

* Centrifuges

* Vacuum filters

* Filter presses

* Drying beds

* Sludge lagoons

25. Name the different types of pumps used for dewatering.

The different types of pump used for dewatering are discussed below:

* Centrifugal pumps

* Displacement pumps

* Submersible pumps

* Air lift pumps